Follow the anatomy from the Skin > Vagina > urethra > Penis, Scrotum, and Prostate > bladder > Ureters > Kidneys
You can apply VINDICATED MEN to each of the anatomic locations as appropriate.
Skin
Irritant or contact dermatitis
Lichen sclerosus
Lichen planus
Psoriasis,
Stevens-Johnson syndrome,
Behçet syndrome
Penile cancer
Vagina
Vulvovaginitis ( due to candida; trichomonas)
Bacterial vaginosis and cervicitis due to Neisseria gonorrhea, Chlamydia trachomatis, or herpes simplex
Atrophic vaginitis (endocrine)
Cervicitis
Genital herpes
Other STI
Foreign body (e.g., stent, stone)
Endometriosis
Vaginal or vulvar cancer,
Pelvic organ prolapse
Infected Skene gland cyst
Urethra
Urethritis (chlamydia, gonococcus, unknown)
Irritant urethritis (non-infectious urethritis)
Reactive arthritis – Conjunctivitis, arthritis, urethritis.
Foreign body (e.g., stent, stone)
Urethral stricture or diverticulum
Paraurethral leiomyoma
Prostate
Prostatitis
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Prostate cancer
Epididymo-orchitis
Bladder
Cystitis (Urinary tract infection)
Interstitial cystitis (painful bladder syndrome)
Radiation cystitis
Overactive bladder
Idiopathic urgency incontinence
Bladder cancer / Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder
Foreign body in bladder
Postcyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) cystitis
Atypical infections of lower urinary tract (fungal, adenovirus, TB)
Kidneys
Pyelonephritis
Renal cancer
GI tract
Appendicitis
Diverticulitis
Other
Hypercalciuria
Daytime frequency of childhood syndrome
Psychiatric
By Mechanism of disease
Vessel: From the urethra to the kidneys are vessels. Any change in their architecture or content can cause disease.
Infection: in each of the anatomic location sites above.
Neoplasm: In each of the anatomic sites above.
Drugs: Spermacides, topical deodorants, cyclophosphamide, opioids, ketamine, nifedipine, and others; bladder-irritating foods
Inflammation:
Congenital malformation: E.g. Posterior ureteral valves, Urethral stricture or diverticulum
Autoimmune: Reactive arthritis. It can be a complication of any other autoimmune disease.
Trauma: Genitourinary instrumentation or surgery, pelvic irradiation, horseback or bicycle riding, or presence of a foreign body.
Endocrine: Atrophic vaginitis (endocrine)
Musculoskeletal and rheumatologic.
Environmental.
Neuropsychiatric.
Further Reading
Am Fam Physician. 2015 Nov 1;92(9):778-788. http://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/1101/p778.html