Anxiety; emotional stress
Pain
Infection; Sepsis
Fever
Exercise (recently)
Anemia
Hemorrhage
Hypovolemia, dehydration
Hypotension, shock
Pregnancy
CHF (with reduced left ventricular function and compensatory tachycardia)
Myocarditis
Aortic insufficiency
Diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy
Myocardial infarction
Cardiomyopathy, myocarditis
Heart failure
Pericarditis
Acute mitral regurgitation
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Pulmonary embolism
Pneumonia
pulmonary edema
Pneumothorax
Hypoxia, hypercarbia
Hyperthyroidism
Pheochromocytoma
Hypoglycemia
Acidemia
Drugs/Medications
-Beta-agonists: epinephrine, isoproterenol, albuterol, dobutamine, ephedrine
-Sympathomimetics: amphetamines, cocaine, methylphenidate
-Anticholinergics: antihistamines, TCAs, carbamazepine, atropine, amitriptyline
-Beta-blocker withdrawal,
-Others: caffeine, nicotine, theophylline, marijuana, bupropion, cilostazol, alcohol
Serotonin syndrome
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS)
Chronic nonparoxysmal sinus tachycardia
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Thinking Through the Differential Diagnosis
We don’t treat sinus tachycardia but instead treat the cause because, in sinus tachycardia, the heart is responding appropriately to a perceived physiologic stress.
Appropriate vs. inappropriate sinus tachycardia
Causes of sinus tachycardia could be categorized into Lungs, Heart, Infections, Volume loss, systemic causes, etc.
Further Reading
en.ecgpedia.org/wiki/Sinus_Tachycardia
ecgwaves.com/sinus-tachycardia-causes-ecg-inappropriate-management/