There are four different major types of shock
- Hypovolemic Shock –
- Distributive shock – E.g. Septic shock, Anaphylactic Shock, and Neurogenic Shock ( e.g. from head injury or spinal injury)
- Cardiogenic shock – Inadequate tissue perfusion 2/2 to myocardial dysfunction. Common causes in children are congenital heart disease, myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle, sepsis, myocardial injury (e.g. trauma), arrhythmia, cardiomyopathy (inherited or acquired abnormality of heart pumping function).
- Obstructive shock – Cardiac output is impaired by a physical obstruction of blood flow. E.g. Cardiac tamponade, Ductal-dependent congenital heart disease, Tension Pneumothorax, and massive pulmonary empoblism.
Hypoxemia = low oxygen in blood; Hypoxia= low oxygen in the cells and tissues.
Hypoxemia (low oxygen in your blood) can cause hypoxia (low oxygen in your tissues). The word hypoxia is sometimes used to describe both problems.
Shock = hypoxia in cells and tissues due to one one of three reasons: 1) Low oxygen delivery to the cells and tissues, 2) Increase oxygen consumption, 3) Inadequate oxygen utilization.
The most common cause is the first one. There is circulatory failure manifest as hypotension (i.e, reduced tissue perfusion).
Undifferentiated shock = we see shock but we don’t know the cause; we can’t differentiate the cause yet.