The following are risk factors for AMS:
- a history of previous acute mountain sickness,
- fast ascent (≥625 m per day above 2000 m)
- lack of previous acclimatization.
- living at low altitudes (<2000 ft),
- strenuous physical exertion during the ascent (can exacerbate AMS)
- female sex,
- an age younger than 46 years,
- history of migraines.
Alcohol consumption on the first day at high altitude can exacerbate AMS.
Exercise may exacerbate AMS, but good physical fitness is not protective.