“Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer death among women in the U.S. Risk factors associated with ovarian cancer include family history and having the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation. A first or second degree relative with ovarian cancer increases the risk by about threefold. The use of oral contraceptives and pregnancy of any duration reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, but postmenopausal estrogen use may increase the risk.”ABFM
“Almost all women with a positive screening test for CA-125 will not have ovarian cancer. In women at average risk, the positive predictive value of an abnormal CA-125 is approximately 2% (i.e., 98% of women with positive test results will not have ovarian cancer). “