Assess the patient for degree of congestion and adequacy of perfusion.

For congestion: “LMNOP”

  • Lasix IV w/ monitoring of UOP
  • Morphine (decreases sx, is a venodilator, decreases afterload)
  • Nitrates (Venodilator)
  • Oxygen +/- noninvasive vent (decr sx, incr PaO2, no change in mortality)
  • Position (Sitting up & legs dangling over side of bed leads to decrease preload)
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