Indications for Mechanical Ventilation

Who needs mechanical ventilation (MV)?

1. Failure of oxygenation (hypoxic pulmonary failure). MV allows us to increase oxygenation.
2. Inadequate ventilation (hypercapnic pulmonary failure). MV also allows us to increase alveolar ventilation and/or reverse acute respiratory acidosis.
3. Respiratory distress. Intubate to relieve respiratory distress. Intubation and MV decreases work of breathing which can account for up to 50% of total oxygen consumption. Intubation also reduces muscle fatigue.
4. Inability to maintain the airway. Ventilate for airway protection.
5. Inadequate respiratory drive. Apnea.