| Disease | Signs, symptoms, pertinent history, PE, labs & Imaging | Diagnosis / Treatment |
| Acute Pharyngitis (Sore Throat) | ||
| Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup) | -Give every patient with croup a single dose of oral or IM steroid (dexamethasone is recommended due to its 72-hour length of effect) -Inhaled racemic epinephrine has been shown to reduce the need for intubation in cases of moderate to severe croup. |
|
| Laryngitis | ||
| Tracheitis | ||
| Epiglottis | Requires immediate abx. Findings: Hoarseness, dysphagia, stridor, drooling, fever, chills, respiratory, distress. |
|
| Retropharyngeal Abscess | ||
| Peritonsillar Abscess | PE: Muffling of the voice, unilateral tonsillar swelling with a shift of the uvula away from the affected tonsil. It is the most common deep infection of the head and neck in young adults. | -Drainage of the abscess either by needle drainage or by I&D. Immediate tonsillectomy is less favored since it is less cost effective. -Abx |
| Pertussis | CDC recommends both Nasopharyngeal culture and PCR testing to confirm the diagnosis of Pertussis. | |
| Bronchiolitis | ||
| Bronchietasis | ||
| Bronchitis | ||
| Rhinosinusitis | ||
| Otitis Media | ||
| Otitis Externa | ||
| Enlarged tonsils + OSA in a child | Adenotonsillectomy | |
| Pneumonia | ||
| Chlamydia PNA in infants | Within 1-3 months of age, Staccato cough, conjunctivitis in many patients, | |
| Drug induced lung disease | Amiondarone Nitrofurantoin – can cause pneumonitis and restrictive pattern lung diseae. |
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| COPD | You need spirometry to diagnose it. |
RSV bronchiolitis: Palivizumab (Synagis) is used for prevention in very specific patients. It’s very expensive.