Dyspepsia: Differential diagnosis

DDx

Differential diagnosis of dyspepsia

  • Functional dyspepsia (up to 60 percent)
  • Dyspepsia caused by structural or biochemical disease
  • Peptic ulcer disease
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
  • Biliary pain
  • Chronic abdominal wall pain
  • Gastric or esophageal cancer
  • Gastroparesis
  • Pancreatitis
  • Carbohydrate malabsorption
  • Medications (including potassium supplements, digitalis, iron, theophylline, oral antibiotics [especially ampicillin and erythromycin], nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids, niacin, gemfibrozil, narcotics, colchicine, quinidine, estrogens, levodopa)
  • Infiltrative diseases of the stomach (eg, Crohn disease, sarcoidosis)
  • Metabolic disturbances (hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia)
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma
  • Ischemic bowel disease, celiac artery compression syndrome, superior mesenteric artery syndrome
  • Systemic disorders (diabetes mellitus, thyroid and parathyroid disorders, connective tissue disease)
  • Intestinal parasites (Giardia, Strongyloides)
  • Abdominal cancer, especially pancreatic cancer
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