Biphasic Anaphylactic Reactions

Exposure to allergen → Anaphylaxis (phase 1) → Patient self-administers Epinephrine autoinjector → Symptoms resolve → in about 2 hrs to 3 days → another anaphylactic reaction (phase 2) without a second exposure to the allergen. That is a biphasic anaphylactic...

Low-dose Aspirin for the Prevention of Preeclampsia

Low-dose aspirin (81 mg/day), initiated at 12 weeks (or between 12 and 28 weeks). Both ACOG and the USPSTF recommend this in high-risk women. In 2013, ACOG defined high-risk women as women with a history of early-onset preeclampsia and preterm delivery at less than 34...

Pathophysiology of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Carbon Monoxide Displaces Oxygen from Hemoglobin to form Carboxyhemoglobin. CO has a higher affinity for hemoglobin than oxygen does. As such, CO displaces oxygen from hemoglobin resulting in the formation of a complex called carboxyhemoglobin, which doesn’t...

Risk factors for Acute Mountain Sickness

The following are risk factors for AMS: a history of previous acute mountain sickness, fast ascent (≥625 m per day above 2000 m) lack of previous acclimatization. living at low altitudes (<2000 ft), strenuous physical exertion during the ascent (can exacerbate AMS)...

Severe Features of Preeclampsia

In a woman with preeclampsia, the presence of one or more of the following features indicates a diagnosis of “preeclampsia with severe features” Organ systems affected are: CNS; Lungs,  Liver; Kidney, Lungs, as well as Cardiovascular system (low platelets,...