2nd INPATIENT, ACID-BASE DISTURBANCES, Clinic A/P, adults, Hospital A/P, Adults, HOSPITAL MEDICINE
Note: With oxygen delivery methods, it’s really about how much FIO2 can be delivered, not really the flow rate in liters. Related article: Fraction of Inspired Oxygen (FiO2). Method FIO2 and Flow Rates Indications Comments First-Line Options Standard nasal...
ACID-BASE DISTURBANCES, DDx, MNEMONICS
A) Causes of Increased Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis MUD PILERS Methanol (antifreeze, windshield fluid, fuel, solvents), Ethanol, etc. Methanol is metabolized to formic acid. And formic acid gives off the H+ that is picked up by bicarb, leaving its conjugate base to...
Clinic A/P, adults, Hospital A/P, Adults, HOSPITAL MEDICINE, NEPHROLOGY
Chronic hypernatremia -Patient with chronic hypernatremia. Unlikely to be acute hypernatremia. -DDx hypernatremia. Admit to Med/Surg Order/Review: Urine osmolality, urine sodium, plasma osmolality at the same time. CBC, CMP Check volume status with vital signs,...
Clinic A/P, adults, Hospital A/P, Adults, NEPHROLOGY
Proximate cause: Excess of water in relation to sodium. It can be induced by 1) taking in too much water (e.g. primary polydipsia) and/or by 2) impaired water excretion (e.g. due, to advanced renal failure) or by 3) persistent release ADH. “Hyponatremia is...
