Compensation for Acid-Base Disorders (Equations, etc)

ACID-BASE DISTURBANCES

If the compensation is less or greater than expected (or predicted by the equation), a second acid-base disorder will be present in addition to the primary disorder. Such a situation is called a mixed disorder. For example: -If PaCO2 is too low, there is an additional...

The Anion Gap(AG) and AG corrected for Albumin

ACID-BASE DISTURBANCES

Anion Gap Formula Measured cations + unmeasured cations = Measured anions + unmeasured anions. Na+ + unmeasured cations = (Cl- + HCO3-) + unmeasured anions. Anion gap (AG) = Na+ – (Cl- + HCO3-) = unmeasured anions – unmeasured cations. The AG measures...

GOLDMARK vs. MUDPILES Mnemonics For Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis

ACID-BASE DISTURBANCES, MNEMONICS

GOLD MARK is a new mnemonic recommended to replace MUDPILES for causes of anion-gap metabolic acidosis GOLD MARK Glycols (propylene glycol and ethylene glycol) Oxoproline – 5-oxoproline (or pyroglutamic acid) is associated with chronic acetaminophen use, often...

The Delta Ratio (delta delta): The delta anion gap / delta Bicarb Ratio

ACID-BASE DISTURBANCES

The delta anion gap/delta HCO3- Ratio in patients with a high anion gap metabolic acidosis The delta AG/delta HCO3 ratio is the ratio of the increase in AG above baseline to the decrease in HCO3 below the baseline. The delta-delta helps us determine if there are...

Interpreting an Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

ACID-BASE DISTURBANCES

Normal ABG Values Normal ABG Values. The physiologic approach to interpreting Acid-Base Disturbances The physiologic approach to interpreting Acid-Base Disturbances. Base Excess (BE) in an ABG Base Excess (BE) in an ABG.     Good resources 1)...

Oxygen Delivery Methods

2nd INPATIENT, ACID-BASE DISTURBANCES, Clinic A/P, adults, Hospital A/P, Adults, HOSPITAL MEDICINE

Note: With oxygen delivery methods, it’s really about how much FIO2 can be delivered, not really the flow rate in liters. Related article: Fraction of Inspired Oxygen (FiO2). Method FIO2 and Flow Rates Indications Comments First-Line Options Standard nasal...