FAILURES: Acute Heart Failure is Precipitated by FAILURES

CHF exacerbation can be induced by the following FAILURES Forgetting medications or taking drugs that can worsen HF (e.g. BB, CCB, NSAIDs, TZDs), chemo (anthracyclines, trastuzumab), toxins. Arrhythmia (esp. AF) Ischemia or infarction; myocarditis; Acute vascular...

The ABCDEFs of Secondary Hypertension

The ABCDEFs of Secondary Hypertension Apnea (OSA) Blood pressure measuring technique. Circulatory system problems: coarctation of the aorta, renal artery stenosis, and renal disease (glomerular disease & renal parenchymal disease). Drugs (medications and illicit...

SpPin and SnNout

SpPin “When a sign, test or symptom has an extremely high specificity (say, over 95%), a positive result tends to rule in the diagnosis. For example… ” SnNout “When a sign, test or symptom has a high sensitivity, a negative result rules out the...

AMERICA – TIMI Score Mnemonic

TIMI score = Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction score. It is a validated risk score. The TIMI score was initially validated as a prognostic tool for patients admitted for ACS but has been studied for use in the diagnosis of MI. TIMI Risk Score for UA/NSTEMI...

PHATS – Metabolic Syndrome

Mnemonic PHATS Current ATP III criteria define the metabolic syndrome as the presence of any 3 of the following 5 traits: Pressure: Blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg or drug treatment for elevated blood pressure. ** BP in the top half of prehypertension. HDL is low: Serum...