Calcium supplementation

-Calcium carbonate is the least expensive and most commonly used supplement, but it is constipating and stomach acid improves its absorption. -Calcium citrate is less dependent on stomach acidity for absorption and is good for people who are taking a PPI or H2...

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Background DM is the #1 cause of CKD in the U.S. HTN is #2. GFR decreases with age. On average, GFR decreases by 10 per decade starting from age 20. Definition of CKD. Staging of CKD. Diagnosis H&P: Screen all patients with Risk Factors for CKD. DDx and Etiology:...

Hematuria, asymptomatic microscopic

Asymptomatic Microscopic Hematuria (AMH Definition: AMH is defined as the presence of 3 or more RBCs per high-power field visible in a properly collected urine specimen without evidence of infection. -AMH is ≥ 3RBC/HPF -Further evaluation is indicated in this patient...